New Zealand, also known as Aotearoa, is a country rich in cultural heritage and diversity. One of the most significant aspects of this cultural tapestry is the Māori language, or te reo Māori. As the indigenous language of the Māori people, te reo Māori holds a place of importance in New Zealand, especially in the field of education. Understanding some common Māori terms used in education not only helps in appreciating the culture but also aids in effective communication within educational settings.
This article will delve into several key Māori terms that are frequently used in the education sector. Whether you are a teacher, student, or simply someone interested in the language, this guide will provide you with a comprehensive overview of these terms and their significance.
Whānau
The term whānau is one of the most frequently used Māori words in educational contexts. It translates to “family” in English, but its meaning extends beyond the nuclear family to include extended family and close friends. In the context of education, whānau is essential for understanding the role of family and community in a student’s learning journey. Schools often engage with whānau to ensure that the educational experience is holistic and culturally inclusive.
Kura
Kura is the Māori word for “school.” However, it is often used to refer specifically to Māori-medium schools, where the primary language of instruction is te reo Māori. These institutions aim to preserve and promote Māori language and culture. Kura kaupapa Māori, for example, are primary and secondary schools that follow a curriculum based on Māori philosophies and principles.
Kura Kaupapa Māori
Kura Kaupapa Māori are schools that operate under the principles of Te Aho Matua, the guiding philosophy for Māori-medium education. These schools provide an immersive environment where students can learn in te reo Māori and are encouraged to understand and practice Māori customs and traditions.
Kaiako
The word kaiako means “teacher.” In Māori-medium education, kaiako play a crucial role in not only imparting academic knowledge but also in teaching cultural values and practices. The relationship between kaiako and students is often more personal and familial compared to traditional Western educational settings.
Tamariki
Tamariki is the Māori term for “children.” In educational settings, tamariki are the primary focus, and their well-being and development are of utmost importance. Many educational programs and initiatives are designed with the holistic development of tamariki in mind, taking into account their physical, emotional, intellectual, and spiritual needs.
Wānanga
Wānanga refers to a place of learning or higher education institution. In contemporary New Zealand, wānanga are tertiary institutions that provide education and research opportunities with a strong focus on Māori traditions and knowledge. These institutions offer various programs, from vocational training to advanced degrees, all within a framework that respects and promotes Māori culture.
Te Reo Māori
Te reo Māori is the Māori language itself. In educational contexts, the promotion and preservation of te reo Māori are critical goals. Various initiatives, such as Te Wiki o te Reo Māori (Māori Language Week), aim to encourage the use of te reo Māori in schools and communities. Understanding and using te reo Māori is seen as a way to honor Māori heritage and contribute to its revitalization.
Hui
A hui is a meeting or gathering, often with a specific agenda or purpose. In educational settings, hui are common for discussing important issues, making decisions, and engaging with the community. These meetings can involve teachers, students, whānau, and other stakeholders, reflecting the collective approach to decision-making that is a cornerstone of Māori culture.
Manākitanga
Manākitanga is a concept that encompasses hospitality, kindness, and generosity. In the educational context, it refers to the way people treat one another within the school community. Demonstrating manākitanga means showing respect, care, and support for students, staff, and whānau, creating a positive and inclusive learning environment.
Whakapapa
Whakapapa refers to genealogy or lineage. In Māori culture, understanding one’s whakapapa is crucial for understanding one’s identity and place in the world. In education, incorporating whakapapa into the curriculum helps students connect with their heritage and fosters a sense of belonging and identity.
Mātauranga Māori
Mātauranga Māori is the body of knowledge that is unique to the Māori culture, encompassing traditional wisdom, practices, and worldviews. In educational settings, integrating mātauranga Māori into the curriculum ensures that Māori knowledge and perspectives are valued and preserved. This approach enriches the educational experience for all students, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the world.
Te Whāriki
Te Whāriki is the early childhood education curriculum framework in New Zealand. It is a bicultural document that incorporates both Māori and Western educational philosophies. The term “whāriki” means “woven mat,” symbolizing the interweaving of different strands of knowledge and learning. Te Whāriki aims to provide a holistic and inclusive foundation for all children, recognizing the importance of cultural identity and diversity.
Te Aho Matua
Te Aho Matua is the guiding philosophy for kura kaupapa Māori. It outlines the principles and values that underpin Māori-medium education, emphasizing the importance of language, culture, and identity. Te Aho Matua provides a framework for schools to create an educational environment that nurtures the holistic development of students, aligning with Māori values and aspirations.
Ako
The term ako is unique in that it means both “to teach” and “to learn.” This dual meaning reflects the reciprocal nature of education in Māori culture, where teaching and learning are seen as interconnected processes. In educational settings, ako emphasizes the importance of collaborative learning and the sharing of knowledge between teachers and students.
Karakia
Karakia are traditional Māori prayers or incantations. In educational settings, karakia are often used to start and end the day, meetings, or special events. They are a way to seek guidance, protection, and blessings, reinforcing the spiritual dimension of education and the connection to Māori traditions.
Pōwhiri
A pōwhiri is a formal welcome ceremony, typically conducted on a marae (a traditional Māori meeting ground). In educational contexts, pōwhiri are used to welcome new students, staff, or visitors. The ceremony involves speeches, songs, and the hongi (the pressing of noses), symbolizing the sharing of breath and the coming together of people. Pōwhiri play a crucial role in establishing relationships and fostering a sense of community.
Marae
The marae is a central place in Māori communities, serving as a meeting ground and cultural hub. In education, marae visits and activities are often incorporated into the curriculum to provide students with immersive cultural experiences. The marae environment offers a space for learning about Māori history, customs, and values, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of Māori culture.
Tikanga
Tikanga refers to the customs, practices, and protocols that guide behavior in Māori culture. In educational settings, tikanga encompasses the values and principles that underpin interactions and activities. Understanding and adhering to tikanga is essential for creating a respectful and culturally sensitive learning environment.
Whanaungatanga
Whanaungatanga is the concept of building and maintaining relationships. In education, whanaungatanga emphasizes the importance of connections between students, teachers, whānau, and the wider community. It fosters a sense of belonging and mutual support, contributing to a positive and collaborative learning environment.
Rangatahi
Rangatahi refers to young people or youth. In educational contexts, programs and initiatives often focus on the development and empowerment of rangatahi, recognizing their potential and the importance of nurturing their growth. Engaging with rangatahi involves understanding their perspectives, needs, and aspirations, and providing opportunities for them to thrive.
Hapū and Iwi
Hapū and iwi are terms that refer to sub-tribes and tribes, respectively. In the context of education, understanding the hapū and iwi affiliations of students is important for acknowledging their cultural identity and heritage. Schools often engage with local hapū and iwi to incorporate their knowledge and perspectives into the curriculum, creating a more inclusive and culturally responsive educational experience.
Conclusion
Understanding and using common Māori terms in education is more than just a linguistic exercise; it is a way to honor and integrate Māori culture and values into the learning environment. By familiarizing yourself with these terms and their significance, you contribute to creating an inclusive, respectful, and culturally enriched educational experience for all. Whether you are a teacher, student, or someone interested in Māori culture, these terms provide valuable insights into the principles and practices that shape Māori-medium education in New Zealand. Embracing these terms and the cultural knowledge they carry is a step towards fostering a deeper connection with the rich heritage of Aotearoa.
